在英语中,that和it的区分主要基于指代对象是否“同一事物”、语法功能以及具体语境。下面内容是核心区别与用法解析:
一、指代对象的本质区别
-
it:特指同一事物
- 指代制度:
it
用于指代前文提到的同名同物,即完全相同的对象。 - 例句:
- I bought a pen. It is blue.(“it”指代前文提到的同一支笔)[2]
- The cat is hungry. Please feed it.(“it”指代同一只猫)
- 注意:
it
也可指代不可数名词或整个句子,如:The weather is bad. I hate it.(“it”指代“天气”)[2]。
- 指代制度:
-
that:特指同类异物
- 指代制度:
that
用于指代前文提到的同类但不同物,常带有对比或强调意味。 - 例句:
- The price of rice here is higher than that in Japan.(“that”指代“the price of rice”,但两地米价不同)[2]
- This book is mine, and that is yours.(“that”指代另一本书)
- 注意:
that
仅能指代事物,不可指代人;复数形式用those
,如:These shoes are cheaper than those.。
- 指代制度:
二、语法功能差异
-
it的灵活用法
- 形式主语/宾语:
it
可代替不定式、动名词或从句,作形式主语或宾语。- It is important to study hard.(“it”指代不定式短语)[][2]
- I find it difficult to understand.(“it”作形式宾语)
- 独特语境:
- 天气/时刻/距离:It is raining. / It’s 3 o’clock.
- 身份不明者:敲门时问:Who is it?(回答:It’s me.)。
- 形式主语/宾语:
-
that的限制性用法
- 比较结构:
that
常用于比较句中,避免重复名词。- The population of China is larger than that of India.[2]
- 替代不可数名词:不可数名词只能用
that
替代,如:The water here is cleaner than that in the river.[2]。
- 比较结构:
三、典型场景对比
场景 | it(同一事物) | that(同类异物) |
---|---|---|
比较句 | ? 不适用 | ? Your idea is better than that. |
回答疑问句 | ? Is this a pen? Yes, it is. | ? 不适用 |
电话用语 | ? 回答时用:It’s Tom. | ? 提问时用:Is that Mike? |
不可数名词替代 | ? 不适用 | ? The air here is fresher than that in the city.[2] |
四、易错点拓展资料
- 指代混淆:
- 错误:I lost my keys. I need to buy that.
- 正确:I lost my keys. I need to buy new ones.(泛指同类异物用
one
)
- 不可数名词误用:
- 错误:The news is good. I like one.
- 正确:The news is good. I like it.(不可数名词只能用
it
)[2][4]
- 比较结构遗漏:
- 错误:My phone is newer than he.
- 正确:My phone is newer than his (phone)/that of his.[2]
怎么样?经过上面的分析对比与示例,可清晰掌握it
与that
的核心区别:是否指代同一事物、语法功能差异及语境限制。在实际应用中,需结合具体场景灵活判断。